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Posts Tagged ‘Samuel Beckett’

13 APRIL, 2015

The Power of One True Believer: Samuel Beckett’s Beautiful Homage to His Greatest Champion

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“I owe him everything.”

“We always keep the dearest things to ourselves,” teenage James Joyce wrote in his heartwarming letter of appreciation to Ibsen, his great hero. And yet artists of all stripes — and by “artists” I mean those of us, from painters to playwrights to paleontologists, who labor with the inner fire of a private passion in any field that benefits the broader public — know how a single kind word from an appreciative friend or stranger can gladden the heart and sustain the spirit for days, weeks, even years. Indeed, the history of creative culture is strewn with such soul-sustaining support — take Emerson’s encouraging letter young Whitman, without which we may not have Leaves of Grass, or Isaac Asimov’s fan mail to young Carl Sagan, or Charles Dickens’s generous letter to George Eliot, or the enormous psychic boost Ursula Nordstrom performed for insecure young Maurice Sendak. Joining this canon of vitalizing gratitude and appreciation not kept to oneself is the great playwright, novelist, theatre director, and poet Samuel Beckett (April 13, 1906–December 22, 1989).

Samuel Beckett by Alain Robbe-Grillet

In the early 1950s, Beckett was at a pivotal point in his career — he had just finished writing Waiting for Godot, but the play was still very much a private triumph, its public première three years away. Under the conviction that a non-native language would enable him to better advance the avant-garde project of “writing without style,” he had just produced a trilogy of novels in French: Molloy, Malone meurt, and L’innommable — but they were not readily received by the literary establishment. After a series of rejections that ravaged his creative tenacity and nearly demolished his faith, Beckett found his first great champion in the influential French publisher Jérôme Lindon, who recognized that these unusual novels represented something new and important.

Lindon took Beckett under his wing and released the books under his Les Éditions de Minuit imprint. In 1952, Waiting for Godot was published by Minuit in book form, four months before the first theatrical performance, and Lindon’s support became a cornerstone of Beckett’s subsequent success with the play.

A decade later, on the last day of June in 1962, Beckett was asked to contribute to a celebration of Lindon for a broadcast on Cologne Radio. The heartwarming result, which Beckett describes as “a poor little homage” in his characteristic self-effacement, is included in The Letters of Samuel Beckett: Volume 3, 1957–1965 (public library) — the same delicious, beautifully researched and edited volume that gave us Beckett’s masterwork of constructive criticism and tough love.

Jérôme Lindon with Alain Robbe-Grillet (Photograph by Despatin & Gobeli)

Beckett’s original text, which was later translated into German, reads:

For me, Jérôme Lindon was a last-chance publisher.

It was in [19]50 or 51 that there fetched up on his desk the manuscripts, riddled with rejection notes, of Molloy, Malone meurt, and L’innommable.

I was asking for nothing less than a contract for the three works. One rebuff and that was it. I wasn’t all that far from asking that they should be brought out in one volume.

It would have taken only this last little no thank you for me finally to see that that was it.

It was as I am honored to be able to say again.

It was the great yes.

Then real work by a real publisher, someone who, defending what he prints, is simply defending what he loves.

I owe him everything.

But should I have owed him nothing, or rather nothing beyond what we all owe him, I would still be saying, before such purity, such nobility of character, such courage, he is a great publisher and a great man.

Somehow, this seeds the bittersweet dream of a world in which the only books published (and art funded, and records released) were the product of visionary publishers defending what they love — bitter, because it’s so woefully rare in our present-day industry that measures up the commercial market before considering the creative merit; and sweet, because great work is still being written and being read and, as we-the-market awaken to our task of demanding it resolutely, being published.

Complement this particular excerpt of the altogether revelatory Letters of Samuel Beckett with Kurt Vonnegut’s witty and wise homage to Joseph Heller and Charles Bukowski’s letter of gratitude to his first patron, who helped him quit his soul-sucking day job to become a full-time writer.

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15 JANUARY, 2015

The Art of Tough Love: Samuel Beckett Shows You How to Give Constructive Feedback on Your Friends’ Creative Work

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“If I were less concerned with you I should simply say it is very good.”

If it is the duty of friends to hold up a mirror to one another, as Aristotle believed, and if true friendship is the dual gift of truth and tenderness, as Emerson eloquently argued, then it is a chief task of friendship to hold up a truthful but tender mirror to those things which the friend holds most dear — including the labors of love that are one’s creative work.

By this definition, the great Irish novelist, playwright, poet, and Nobel laureate Samuel Beckett revealed himself as a true friend to Aidan Higgins — a young Irish writer living in South Africa, for whom Beckett has remained a lifelong influence. (Beckett was also deeply invested in the fate of civil rights in South Africa and, in protesting the country’s apartheid, placed an embargo on his plays being performed before segregated audiences.)

In the spring of 1958, 31-year-old Higgins — then a rising star described as “a Rimbaud in search of an Africa” — sent 52-year-old Beckett one of his short stories, hoping that it might be a fit for the literary journal Botteghe Oscure, with which Beckett had significant editorial pull. Alas, Beckett deemed the story unsuitable, but sent Higgins an exquisite letter of constructive feedback on how it might be improved, found in the altogether revelatory tome The Letters of Samuel Beckett: Volume 3, 1957–1965 (public library).

Samuel Beckett by Alain Robbe-Grillet

Beckett opens with a cushion of assurance, indicating his affectionate intent and respect for Higgins by noting his initial reluctance to criticize, but then puts into action Emerson’s conviction that a friend is a person with whom one may be sincere“I do not wish to treat friendships daintily, but with roughest courage,” Emerson wrote. “When they are real, they are not glass threads or frost-work, but the solidest thing we know.” — and instead argues that constructive criticism is part of the creative communion between kindred spirits:

My reluctance to comment has become overpowering. I hate the thought of the damage I may do from such unwillingness and such incapacity. If I were less concerned with you I should simply say it is very good, I like it very much, but don’t see where to send it, and leave it at that. But I don’t want to do that with you. And at the same time I know I can’t go into it in a way profitable for you. This is not how writers help one another.

Illustration by Wendy MacNaughton courtesy of the artist

Taking care to note that offering criticism is a “terrible effort” for him, Beckett goes on to offer a detailed deconstruction of Higgins’s weaker points of style, from small typos — remember, this was decades before spellcheck and a writer this young was probably unable to afford a copy-editor — to a particularly meticulous itemization of overindulgent similes:

“menacing as banners” … “cumbersome as manacles” … “ponderous as Juggernaut” … “colossal as a ship’s hull” … “reckless as the sibyl of Cumae” … “Indelicate as chinaware” … “incorrigible as murder” … You want to be careful about that.

Beckett also reveals himself as a master of the compliment-criticism-compliment sandwich, remarking on a passage that begins on the fourth page of the manuscript:

Up to there I had read with only very trifling reserves and with admiration for the firmness and precision and rapidity of the writing. This quietly is present throughout and I do not mean that those passages are devoid of it… I simply feel a floundering and a laboring here and above all a falsening of position… I suppose it is too sweeping to say that expression of the within can only be from the within. There is in any case nothing more difficult and delicate than this discursive [explaining] of a word which is not to be revealed as object of speech or as source of speech… The vision is so sensitive and the writing so effective when you stop blazing away at the microcosmic moon that results are likely to be considerable when you get to feel what is possible prey and within the reach of words (yours) and what is not.

Folded into the particularities of his critique is a spectacular general point on writing — Beckett frequently seeds those throughout his letters — making an apt admonition, especially timely today, against the rush to publish:

Work, work, writing for nothing and yourself, don’t make the silly mistake we all make of publishing too soon.

Five weeks later, Higgins wrote to a friend: “He wrote an extensive criticism of [the story] which was probably more helpful than publication.” The following year, shortly before the release of Higgins’s first book, Beckett wrote to another friend: “I think he is very promising and should be encouraged.”

The Letters of Samuel Beckett is an infinitely absorbing read in its entirety, full of Beckett’s insights on literature, life, love, and more. Complement it with this compendium of advice on writing from some of humanity’s greatest writers, then revisit Andrew Sullivan on why friendship is a greater gift than romantic love.

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